While both operational amplifiers and voltage comparators have been with us since before 1970, the similarities and differences tend to be vague. This discussion will help in understanding this ...

Though current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs) are still less common in educational circles and technical literature than voltage feedback operational amplifiers (VFOAs or VFAs), they have ...

The basic components of electricity are relatively easy and logical to understand. Most electrical terms relate and get along with each other like a harmonious family. Before you tackle any electrical ...

Current is a measure of how much electric charge flows through a circuit. The more charge that flows, the bigger the current. Current is measured in amperes. The symbol for ampere is A. For example, ...

Measuring a voltage is pretty easy: just place your multimeter’s probes across the relevant pins and read the value. Probing currents is a bit trickier, since you need to open up the circuit and place ...

Troubleshooting refrigeration equipment often requires measuring various electrical properties such as voltages, current flows, and resistances. Understanding these basic electrical fundamentals and ...

Voltage conveyors and current conveyors represent two pivotal active building blocks in contemporary analog circuit design. Their unique signal processing capabilities allow for efficient voltage ...

It is a classic problem when designing with op amps: you need the output to go to zero, but — for most op amps — you can’t quite get down to the supply rail. If your power options are a positive ...