All sorts of physical processes in this analog world exhibit some degree of randomness. Think of noise, for example. Many noisy processes are described by Gaussian probability distributions. We should ...

Continuous Variable: can take on any value between two specified values. Obtained by measuring. Covariance: a measure of the direction of the linear relationship between two variables. Discrete ...

The normal distribution is the probability distribution that plots all of its values along a symmetrical bell curve, with the highest probabilities centered around the mean value and tapering out ...

Continuous Variable: can take on any value between two specified values. Obtained by measuring. Discrete Variable: not continuous variable (cannot take on any value between two specified values).

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...